Ethical Issue in Mcdonald - 1976 Words

Toys with Happy meal The Ethical Dilemma of McDonald’s McDonald’s currently faces a crisis, as parents, who objected to the free toys offered with the McDonald’s Happy Meal, sued the company. San Francisco passed a law banning free toys with food. In this paper, I will address how a corporation responds to a law, which challenges the organization’s current policies. I will also assess McDonald’s ethical dilemma of the balancing corporate concerns and community concerns, and I will argue they can still provide toys with their food if they can make their food healthier and the toys encourage children to eat healthy food. Description The decision of which restaurant to go to and which meal to buy may be based on the quality of the†¦show more content†¦What McDonald’s Did McDonald s announced that the toys are no longer free. The McDonald s now charges 10 cents for toys, and they donate 10 cents to the Ronald McDonald House. Also, McDonald s downsized the french fries portion, provided apple slices, and removed the popular caramel dipping sauce in the happy meal. McDonald’s changes didn’t influence children positively. First, Charging 10 cents won’t make the toys being less of incentive to buy unhealthy food. Children are still attracted to eat unhealthy food witch McDonald’s sells. Second, hamburger, french fries are still high in salt, fat, and sugar drinks are too sweet. McDonald’s downsized the potion and gave options of healthy food in Happy Meal’s menu just to follow the law. Scott Rodrick, McDonald’s Owner, explains how they are just givi ng the customers what they want, They wanted us to provide choice on the menu, they wanted us to follow the letter of the law (McDonald s finding, 2011). Also, â€Å"[McDonald’s] claims that its meals are right-sized for kids, and that it offers food choices that are healthy. The company changed the public to focus on the portion of food from the nutrition. The consumers and nutrition advocates didn t want the company just to follow the letter of the law. Those changes that McDonald’s made were small and useless. They wanted the company to focus on the nutrition of food. Sara Deon, spokeswomanShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Ethical Issues1636 Words   |  7 Pages Originally founded in 1954 as a hamburger stand in California, McDonalds is a multinational fast food retailer with presence in over 100 countries (McDonalds, n.d.). The fast food giant was started by Richard and Maurice McDonald, who opened a hot dog stand, which later became a drive-in barbeque restaurant in 1940. As time went by, they eventually initiated what would become the concept of fast food around the world. The McDonalds brothers sold part of the franchise in 1954, which had already evolvedRead MoreEthical Issues Facing McDonalds1772 Words   |  7 PagesProblem/Issue Identification Ethical Issues Facing McDonalds McDonalds puts in a lot of effort in supporting children with severe diseases. However, the diet this company offers contributes to heart diseases, asthma, obesity, and likely even mad cow disease. Adults and children are getting the wrong message in the society today. For instance, around 59 of 250 hospitals house fast food restaurants. Expenditure on fast foods from McDonalds has been on the rise as years pass by. The company has beenRead MoreMcdonald s Ethical Principles And Ethical Issues912 Words   |  4 PagesThe McDonalds is one of the largest international fast-food chains that distributes their products in more than 119 countries across the globe. It is increasingly became common that such a big enterprises, as McDonalds most often faces moral or ethical issues that leads to many disputes between people within the company and outside of it. Nevertheless, McDonald’s business ethics represents a set of rules based on moral behaviour. In other words, â€Å"†¦eth ics that examine ethical principles and moralRead MoreEthical Issues Of Mcdonald s A Public Company1272 Words   |  6 PagesETHICAL ISSUES Corporate Governance McDonald’s is a public limited company, meaning that ownership of the company is open for sale to the public. This may cause problems within the company in the instance that McDonald’s wanted to propose a change in their company. This means that the request would have to go through all the stakeholders in the company first. And since McDonald’s is a public company, it would be mean even more of a hassle trying to get all the stakeholders to agree to a newRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 PagesII (A). INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING MCDONALDS Due to globalization and increased competition in the fast food industry, a very complex environment is created for McDonald’s. There are various internal and external environmental factors affecting the functions of McDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. The factors are as follows: Internal Factors: Internal factors are the factors within the company, which affects the success and operation of business. The company canRead MoreMcDonalds: Ethical Responsibility1358 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s: Ethical Responsibility Small business owners of fortune 500 companies, democrats, republicans, men and women all have ethical responsibilities that should always be considered. Mc Donald’s is a well-known restaurant around the world. Some people enjoy this fast food restaurant and also have made Mc Donald’s one of the leading fast food companies. Although, Mc Donald may have some tasty food, there are still many critics that think Mc Donald’s may have a lot of ethical issues and companyRead MoreMcdonald s Strength And Weakness1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract McDonalds is considered to be the world’s largest and most globally known fast food restaurant, which serves approximately 69 million consumers daily. This report will evaluate McDonald’s strength and weakness in terms of their ethical claims. The main aim of this report is to consider the reasons why McDonalds has been criticized by most of its consumers in terms of its pollution to its environment and the destruction natural rain forest, furthermore this report will discuss the nutritionRead MoreMcdonald s The Best Food Retail Brand Of The World Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesSumanpreet Introduction McDonald is one of the best food retail brand in the world. McDonald have almost 35000 locations worldwide and caters approximately 70 million consumers. Most of the McDonald outlets are independently owned by local business persons. McDonald has been providing sustainable supply chain to ensure benefit to its supplier as well as distributors to maximise profit.in addition to this MacDonald continuously working with charity foundations and provide sponsorships for events toRead MoreBusiness Ethics Of International Business : Culture, Consumers And Employees1152 Words   |  5 PagesName: Mohamad Alqahtani Instructor Name: Keith Kelley Course: INB385 International Business Date: October 11, 2015 Response to Ethical Challenges in International Business: Culture, Consumers and Employees Introduction General business ethics applies in the case of international business. However, international business ethics poses a particularly different difficulty- from domestic business- as a result of the scope of diversity that managers have to deal with: cultural, economic and legal, etcRead MoreMcDonald, unethical marketing?821 Words   |  4 PagesMcDonald is the largest leading multinational fast food restaurant with more than 33000 food chains worldwide in 119 countries, serving 68 millions of customers daily. Despite McDonald’s prevalent brand name under globalization, many of its marketing strategies are come into question in terms of ethnicity. In the following essay, some of those unethical issues of McDonald being criticized will be analyzed based on the values-oriented framework, which refers to the AMA Statement of

The Power of Subjugation in “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua...

Okonkwo in â€Å"Things Fall Apart† utilises direct imperatives to instruct those subordinate to him. This is seen throughout the text, such as when Okonkwo orders one of his wives to ‘get me a pot’ and ‘to leave the child alone’. The language used by Okonkwo serves as a tool of subjugation, with the coarse use of direct imperatives and harsh remarks serves to overpower them to the point of them becoming his slaves. Hugh as a societal and familial patriarch is presented in light of a failing patriarch, such as the way in which he represents a static, inward-looking, self-satisfied way of life, whose response to modern outside influences is to ignore them. For example, he is in denial about the colonisation that’s taking place, to the degree†¦show more content†¦Hugh’s attitude towards Owen is one which is more positive and kind then that compared to Manus. Owen is considered ‘handsome’ and is always ‘dressed smartly – a city man’. ‘His manner is easy and charming: everything he does is invested with consideration and enthusiasm’. This is a sharp contrast to Manus, who is introduced as ‘pale-faced, lightly built, intense, and works as an unpaid assistant... His clothes are shabby; and when he moves we see that he is lame’. Thus, Hugh is socially prejudiced, due to social class and political opinion. Any request or i nterjection by Owen is seen positively by Hugh, such as when Owen asks his father if he is ‘interrupting’ and if he can ‘bring them in’, Hugh replies ‘certainly’. The change in attitude puts Hugh in a bad light, because if he wants to be a successful societal patriarch, he needs to assume control over Owen and the English. The introduction of the English doesn’t seem to affect Hugh in anyway, as he remains his usual self, not possessing any desire to become a dominant figure. He still gets continuously drunk and is so preoccupied with his own importance, that he shows no interest in major figures such as William Wordsworth. ‘Wordsworth †¦no. I’m afraid were not familiar with your literature’ and ‘English couldn’t really express us’. Friel does this to show how the Irish were resistant to a degree of cultural colonisation. His ignorance is amplified when he takes theShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart and A Dolls House Essays1597 Words   |  7 Pagesshare that one major similarity: the oppression and subjugation of women. Upon reading Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, it becomes clear that the primary reason for the abuse of women is the common cultural belief that women are secondary to men. This conclusion is further justified after reading A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen. Throughout history, many cultures have been heavily masculine based. There are countless examples of men wielding power over women.When women are no more than second classRead MoreHistorical Literature and Dehumanization2175 Words   |  9 Pagessubjugate them economically, intellectually, or culturally. We might even think of the process of imperialism as practiced by the European powers as dehumanization of culture and society; begun at the micro level and then evolving into the macro. However, one cannot lay the blame for dehumanization and political subjugation solely at the feet of European powers. China, known as the sleeping giant, has transformed itself from a rural, pre-industrial society to an economic and political powerhouseRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pages More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absenceRead MoreSuccesses and Failures of Patriarchy in Colonialism2853 Words   |  12 PagesIn â€Å"The Tempest†, â€Å"Translations† and â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, the theme of patriarchy is explored in different settings; the colonisation of the Irish in â€Å"Translations†, an unnamed island in â€Å"The Tempest† and the Igbo tribe in â€Å"Things Fall Apart†. Prospero is a familial patriarch, shown through his dominant control of Miranda, such as ‘the very minute bids thee ope thine ear. Obey and be attentive’ . Hugh’s control of Manus is familial, as is Okonkwo’s control of his wives and children. Prospero’s controlRead MoreFeatures of Post Colonialism and Its Application on Four Post Colonial Novels3375 Words   |  14 Pagescolonialism. It was the time when one period of history completed to give rise to next period of history. Major portion of world was colonized by a faction of countries of Europe. At that time a lot of countries achieved independence from this vicious subjugation. European colonial empire dissolved in the mid of twentieth century. A lot many countries emerged out of this dissolution as independent states. It was a beginning of post-colonial era. But this is quite a simple understanding of this concept. It

Comparing Chapters 1 and 6 in Of Mice and Men by John...

Comparing Chapters 1 and 6 in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Steinbeck uses the opening of his novel to introduce to us the main characters of the novel and also to hint at the forthcoming events that are yet to come in the novel. In the opening Steinbeck describes the setting as a tranquil and peaceful scene, which is almost like the Garden of Eden this, is almost too good to be true this also describe George and Lennies dream. Everything in the setting is natural, the deep green pool of the Salinas River and a far rush of wind sounded and a gust drove through the tops of the trees like a wave. The language creates a feeling of light and brightness, particularly the twinkling†¦show more content†¦George and Lennie upset the natural scene at the pool near the Salinas River as they arrive just like they upset the scene at the ranch. Once George and Lennie arrive at the ranch we begin to establish and understand the characters and their relationships. George and Lennie have a father like son relationship because George is the one who has to sort out the mess Lennie has gotten himself into and always explain to him what they are doing and where, he feels responsible for Lennie and looks out for him but George also likes the relationship between him and Lennie because he wants someone to talk to, a companion and someone who can look out for him too. Lennie is dependant on George and he obeys him with out question and doesnt get into trouble but when Lennie is alone he gets into trouble straight away. Lennie is innocent like a child, he is a little kid inside a big mans body. He likes to stroke pets and stroke different type of materials such as velvet. Lennie used to always kill his pet mouse that was given to him by his Aunt Clara because she was dead and he didnt have any pets he used to stroke dead mice that he found lying on the floor. The death of his mice foreshadows the death of his puppy, Lennie doesnt know his own strength he only strokes the

Allegory of the Cave vs The Matrix Essay - 1473 Words

Imagine living through life completely bound and facing a reality that doesn’t even exist. The prisoners in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† are blind from true reality as well as the people in the movie â€Å"The Matrix† written and directed by the Wachowski brothers. They are given false images and they accept what their senses are telling them, and they believe what they are experiencing is all that really exists. Plato the ancient Greek philosopher wrote â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, to explain the process of enlightenment and what true reality may be. In the movie â€Å"The Matrix†, Neo (the main character) was born into a world of illusions called the matrix. His true reality is being controlled by the puppet- handlers called the machines who†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† Plato also stated that eventually one of the prisoners, who Plato would say was the philosopher or intellectual, would break free from the cave and into the outside world. The one prisoner that Plato refers to, would also reflect Neo in â€Å"The Matrix† when he in being released from his pod that the machines have created. Once the prisoner of the cave has broken free he can now look all around him, and see the objects as they really are and the people carrying them as well. While in the movie â€Å"The Matrix†, Neo is using is own eyes for the first time and sees that he is actually living in a human factory. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† he states that the freed prisoner would be shocked by the outside world, he would not be able to see the realities that he was used to deep in the shadows of the cave. The prisoner would try to think that what he saw and experienced before was truer than what is he sees now. When Neo is revived from being detached from the pod, Morpheus tells him what state the world is in now and Neo is in a state of disarray and denial. Thi s new knowledge of the truth, overwhelmed Neo so much that he vomited and passed out. The released prisoner in â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† might feel that what he is seeing was the illusion and shadows on the wallShow MoreRelatedThe Matrix And Allegory Of The Cave Analysis769 Words   |  4 Pagesboth The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave. The Matrix, written by Lana Wachowski illustrates many questions throughout. The main character, Neo, tries finding Morpheus in need of an answer to his question. What is the Matrix? Considering, Morpheus is the most dangerous man alive, he does all that he can to find him. Neo is approached by Trinity and led to the underworld to meet Morpheus. They soon realize that Neo is â€Å"The One† who can defeat the Matrix. Similarly,The Allegory of the Cave,which tookRead More A Comparison of The Matrix and Platos The Allegory of the Cave1838 Words   |  8 PagesComparison of The Matrix and Platos The Allegory of the Cave In the movie The Matrix we find a character by the name of Neo and his struggle adapting to the truth...to reality. This story is closely similar to an ancient Greek text written by Plato called The Allegory of the Cave. Now both stories are different but the ideas are basically the same. Both Stories have key points that can be analyzed and related to one another almost exactly. There is no doubt that The Matrix was based off GreekRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesleast theoretically, have analyzed the film successively on all its levels. ** The word type is used here in the sense that one speaks, for example, of the ablative absolute as a type peculiar to Latin. A type in grammar is a productive analogical matrix. † Among the authors who have devised tables of montage, or classifications of various kinds—or who have studied separately a specific type of montage—I am indebted notably to Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Kuleshov, Timochenko, Bà ©la Balà ¡zs, Rudolf Arnheim

Milton’s Paradise Lost The Story of Satan’s Power Politics Free Essays

In Paradise Lost, Book I II   the power struggle between Satan, his followers on the one hand   and God and his angels on the other provides a good story with dramatic conflict. In Book I Satan â€Å"who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms† emerges as leader of a rebel group who are overwhelmed by their first defeat but not totally overcome. As a punishment of his ambition and audacity, Satan and his comrades were â€Å"hurled headlong from the ethereal sky †¦to bottomless perdition. We will write a custom essay sample on Milton’s Paradise Lost: The Story of Satan’s Power Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Bk.I.l.45) Like a statesman with strategic insight he converts this defeat as a springboard for the   next battle and accordingly inspires his followers with a thunderous call: â€Å"What though the field be lost?/All is not lost: the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immortal hate,†(ll.105-07) He instills a confidence in his comrades that victory and defeat are in the hands of the fighters. So his clarion call to his army is addressed to boost their morale and shake off their depression: â€Å"Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen!†. (l.330) There is also the hint that the first battle was lost due to lack of experience and a inadequate strategy. Moreover, the strength of the enemy (the Almighty) was also not known. Now with hindsight they can formulate a better strategy for an embarking on a war that can end only in triumph. Besides, he has a worthy lieutenant in Beelzebub who has great admiration for the general and mobilize the army. The story of struggle between the ambitious and scheming Satan and the Almighty has all the ingredients of a good plot– a bold and strong anti-hero as the protagonist, the vivid descriptive and narrative power, the sublime epic style, the dramatic dialogues and the technique of beginning the story in the middle of action. Nine days after their expulsion from the bliss of Heaven, Satan and his followers lie stupefied in the burning lake of Hell. Then he rises and awakens his worthy Second-in-Command to lead his army to the scorching dry land and hold a meeting to devise the winning strategy. Presently,   a vast council chamber is built to hold a conference of the great Angels. Readers’ attention is arrested by the suspense about the nature of   crime for which such harsh punishment has been meted out to them. Members of Satan’s inner circle – Moloch, Belial and Mammon — offer their opinions, but it is Beelzebub’s suggestion about secretly ruining God’s new creation that is accepted as a fitting revenge against the Almighty. As none offers to undertake this perilous task, Satan volunteers   to take the voyage to the earth after passing through the Hell gate and Chaos. Milton has used flash back technique to present earlier events with the help of dreams, reminiscences and conversations (in Books V-VIII) It seems in Satan Milton has subconsciously created a character for whom he feels sympathy and admiration. But C.S. Lewis refutes this view in A Preface to Paradise Lost: â€Å"It may mean that Milton’s presentation of him is a magnificent poetical achievement which engages the attention and excites the admiration of the reader.† (Lewis.94)   The setting of Hell is an integral part of Milton’s epic style. It is   appropriate as place for punishment of the expelled angels. But Satan with his ingenuity turns it into an advantage by erecting a vast palace called Pandemonium. There he hatches the conspiracy to destroy God’s creation. Hell also highlights the change of scenario for the angels who have fallen from grace. Milton gives us a vivid account of the flaming hell without light and the miserable plight of the fallen angels writhing in pain. The vanquished followers of Satan â€Å"who lay entranced/ thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks.†(ll.301-02). Milton further portrays them â€Å"with looks/ downcast and damp †¦ have found their chief/ not in despair, to have found themselves not lost/ in loss itself;† (ll.522-26) To the   dejected followers comes the uplifting call â€Å"Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood/ with scattered arms and ensign,† The congregation of the fallen angels at Pademonium is described with due pomp:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Of trumpets loud and clarions be upreared/ his mighty standard (ll.532-33) The fighting spirit of the downcast and damp followers are raised with the help of   sonorous metal blowing martial sounds and ten thousand colorful banners fluttering in the wind and serried shields in thick array convey the impression of the preparation of a counter attack. â€Å"The imperial ensign†¦with gems and golden luster rich emblazed,/ Seraphic arms and trophies:(ll.538-39). We get a grand impression of Satan â€Å"in shape and gesture proudly eminent/ stood like a tower† (ll.590-91)   â€Å"his face/ deep scars of thunder had intrenched †¦ under brows of dauntless courage, and considerable pride† (ll.600-603) The wealth of details truly conforms to the epic tradition and adds to its grandeur. Millions of rebellious spirits thus stand suffering silently with loyalty and devotion to their commander even after being flung from their eternal splendor, â€Å"driven out of bliss, condemned/ in his abhorred deep to utter woe;/ where pain of unextinguishable fire† (Bk.II.ll.86-88). Satan’s makes a dramatic escape from Hell with a view to covertly strike God by sabotaging his beautiful creation. However, according to F.R. Leavis, â€Å"After the first two books, magnificent in their simple force (party politics in the Grand Style Milton can compass), Paradise Lost, though there are intervals of relief, becomes dull and empty: ‘all,’ as Raleigh says, ‘is power, vagueness, and grandeur.’ Milton’s inadequacy to myth, in fact, is so inescapable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Leavis 61) If the setting of Paradise Lost is changed, we have a new story. In modern era a person of   Satan’s caliber would be hailed as an irrepressible leader of the opposition party in a country with democratic set up. His goal would be to dislodge the ruling party in power in the election. He would aim to convince people by highlighting the government’s failures and underestimating its achievement. Naturally, there would neither be God nor Satan, neither Heaven nor Hell, neither angels nor devils in the new scenario. The ambition to rule would not be regarded a punishable offence. Examples and parallels abound. Many countries in Asia now have militant groups of separatists who declare themselves as â€Å"Liberation Force† that wage armed battles against their own government for freedom and autonomy (naming them would be unwise). Satan’s role has affinity with a militant trade union leader who sometimes, like Lech Walesa in Poland, can win election and   become the President. In stead of brute force the opposition leader uses his political strategies and communication skill to convince majority of the voters that the ruling party is at fault and their country will be safer in the hands of his political party.   In U.K. the Labor party won the election overthrowing their rival Tories in 1994 under the leadership of Tony Blair. It is the business of the opposition to pick holes in the performance of the ruling party. He would criticize their policies, attack their inefficiency, expose their corruption and project them as responsible for country’s backwardness. He would offer better plans and strategies to get the country out of the mess. He does not have to fight physically to defeat his rival like Satan, but the methods of   attack have much resemblance. As Satan says: â€Å"our better part remains/ to work in close design, by fraud or guile,† (Bk.I.ll.645-46) and his continual emphasis on victory: â€Å"For who can think submission? War then, war/ open or understood must be resolved.† (ll.661-62) The opposition leader often resorts to disparaging remarks and undermining the image of his rival as Satan debunks God, â€Å"Who now triumphs, and in excess of joy/ sole reigning holds the tyranny of heaven.† (ll.123-24) The political rival is presented as oppressor. The main difference is that in Milton’s world there no neutral voters who decide the fate of the leaders. It is God and his angels are in power, and Satan and his ambitious followers endeavor to dethrone Him. Like real life politics there are fence-sitters and defectors in Paradise Lost. The rebel leaders’ meeting in Book II to discuss and debate their strategies has a parallel in modern politics. It may be argued that Milton’s religious epic still have relevance in a secular world. Satan’s story is everyman’s search for power and his struggle to gain it. The underlying theme of Satan’s struggle against God and his angels is that of   search for power and motivate a demoralized group of fallen angels and a determination   to sacrifice everything to conquer Heaven and rule it. As Satan proclaims: â€Å"to be weak is miserable,/ Doing or suffering:† (ll.157-58) â€Å"To wage by force or guile eternal war,/ Irreconcileable to our grand foe,† (ll.121-22)   The main characters, the epic style, the inspiring speech, and the preparation for a â€Å"perpetual war† all help to develop the theme of pursuit of power and the use all means to get it. Satan shows the right mindset of a winner who would not accept anything short of   victory as he speaks candidly about it: â€Å"To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell:/ Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.†(Bk.I.ll.262-63) Satan represents the freedom-loving individualist who also demonstrates great pragmatic sense by adapting himself to the harsh realities of   Hell and consoles himself with his psychological insight: â€Å"The mind is its own place, and in itself/ Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.† (Bk.I.ll.254-255) Work Cited Lewis, C.S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. London. O.U.P. 1984 Leavis, F.R. Revaluation. Harmondsworth. Penguin.1972 Abrams, M.H. Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Anthology of English Literature.(7th ed) New York. W.W.Norton Co. 2001. pp.722-764 April 28, 2008 How to cite Milton’s Paradise Lost: The Story of Satan’s Power Politics, Essay examples

Blind Date depends for its success upon the encouragement of gender, social and cultural stereotypes Essay Example For Students

Blind Date depends for its success upon the encouragement of gender, social and cultural stereotypes? Essay How far would you agree with the opinion that Blind Date as a formulaic programme format depends for its success upon the encouragement of gender, social and cultural stereotypes? Write a critical and analytical review of one episode of the programme. You may consider:  · Use of character types  · Language  · Arrangement of the programme  · Technical aspects Blind Date is a popular, intellectually undemanding, Saturday night show that attracts over eight million viewers every week. But why? Is it Cillas contagious laugh? Or is it the interesting, exotic places the couples visit? Or maybe it is the fact that you realise there are people more desperate than you are and they are declaring it on TV. Whatever it is, it works. But how much of it is real? The contestants seem to be definite characters rather than real people. They fit into the moulds of various stereotypes that have been set. The first stereotype we see is the ordinary bloke. This is Tony from Reading, he is a working class Royal Mail manager, He goes to the pub for a quick pint with his friends and he is known as the common Joe. He stresses that he is a lad because he wants to emphasise his heterosexuality and this is because a homosexual male is still not fully accepted in society and is the subject of ridicule among his male peers. The next stereotype we encounter is Jack the Lad; a working class male who likes a laugh, his beer and chasing birds. He is Mike the metal worker from Devon. He has quite a strong Devon accent, which can sometimes make him sound a bit stupid. His answers are obviously scripted because he uses alliteration, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I like my birds and my boozeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He is speaking in his natural voice, which is laidback but shows him to be loud and cocky. He is an extrovert and loves the reaction he gets from the infamous pork pie story. He links back to this in all his answers and the canned laughter is overplayed. During the show, the use of sexual innuendo is common and here is no exception, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and Im meaty on the insideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The last male contestant is Pete from London who is a surgeon cue audience: Oooooh! He is middle class but is trying to cover this so he can be just one of the lads. He is wearing an eye-catching shirt, which is casually left untucked out of his fake leather trousers; he also displays some designer stubble. He puts on an Estuary English accent to sound more proletarian. This results in his saying such words as nipper and youll be larfing, but he cannot hide his background when he says words like portfolio and elegant. The lucky lady who has the chance to choose one of these three lads is Vicky from Coventry. She is quite confident and uses lots  of sexual innuendo. This is obviously scripted as she is describing her car and she says it is like Cilla, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and when she goes, she goesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She also greets the boys with Hello Boys the trademark phrase of Wonderbra. This is titillation for the male audience. Another example of this is, I would be the Eiffel Tower. You can scale the heights with me for a bit of ooh la la and the views from the top are amazing. The couple from the previous weeks show return smiling and walking together so the question of whether Cilla should buy a new hat is still on the viewers minds. The two lovebirds on this particular show were Natalie and Chris. Chris is the good catholic Irish boy who looks very similar to the presenter Craig Doyle. He is the type of boy your mum would love you to bring home. He looks innocent as if he needs a girl to mother him. He has the all-important happy go lucky Irish charm. His accent is mostly perceived as funny, friendly and approachable. Nevertheless, as soon as he gets the chance, he starts to badmouth Natalie and reveals he had a very interesting time with a singing waitress. Animal Farm - Lord Of The Flies EssayNaomi is self-conscious, spoilt and of mixed race. She expected Richard to have a tanned surfers body, blonde hair and blue eyes. When he calls her a whale she is almost in tears as you can see that weight is an issue for her. He later explains that is not what he meant. She does not seem to accept this and is very angry. This couple go beyond the usual stereotypes, he is not a typical Australian and she is not a typical demure girl of mixed race. This may confuse the audience but  they accept it with out question because it does not occur to them to query the stereotypes that have been set. We were given an article written by an undercover reporter posing as a contestant on Blind Date who was able to confirm that our suspicions of pre-planned answers are correct. She also revealed that the make-up artists and researchers give the contestants advice and clues on whom to pick. They do this by underlining the intended winners number on the script. The contestants all have their lines to learn and if these are said wrongly, it is cut out. In the article, we read a woman explained the one of the male contestants kept on fluffing his lines so they had to keep reshooting that piece until it was correct. That does not sound like reality TV to me. Cilla always has to be shown as the funnier, clever one. If anyone disregards this, it will be edited and cut out. She is not a specific stereotype; she is a scouser who made it big. The answers or character information that is given are always easy targets for Cilla and our Graham, the commenter, to make jokes about. The holidays they win seem to be very expensive and the camera work accentuates this by filming the entrances of grand hotels and the beautiful landmarks. This makes the show look classy instead of brassy. The holiday video is careful not to give too much away and always leaves the audience wondering if this is the one in a million couple that fall in love. They also use background music to create a certain atmosphere and make the show seem modern and trendy, but to me this fails. The show is popular for various reasons. Some people watch it and realise their prejudices are correct; some watch it to have these prejudices confirmed. People are naturally inquisitive and like to know what other people do with their lives. Blind Date gives a painfully accurate view of youth culture today. People watch it and believe it is real when it is more similar to Coronation Street as opposed to Big Brother. In the world people are always going to be judged and then pigeon holed. Blind Date obviously encourages this but it just shows the mentality of the eight million British viewers who watch it every week. The people on the show are pretentious and fake but they are encouraged to be like this. Surely, this is wrong because when the programme is seen by its target audience they will believe that they too have to fit into a certain stereotype. Blind Date crushes your individuality and the only thing it is good for is to raise your self-esteem by reassuring yourself that you will never be that desperate.

Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh Essay Example

Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh Essay A woman entrepreneur is defined as a woman who has alone or with one or more partners started or inherited a business, and is eager to take financial, administrative, and social risks and responsibilities, and participate in the day-to-day management activities (UNDP, 2004). Women in Asian countries like India, Myanmar and Bangladesh have played and also are playing a good role in politics. So, Bangladeshi women are enjoying freedom to join politics as well as business. But compared with the Unites States and the European countries, the number is still poor. In fact, women entrepreneurship development is a challenging phenomenon in Bangladesh as women are lagged behind (economically and socially) compared to men. Generally, women are more victimized as because of their illiteracy, unawareness, unorganized, powerless or less political representation, deprivation, rigid social customs, religious constrains and injustice by their counter partners particularly in rural area. Women constitute about a half of the total population in Bangladesh. So for proper representation of women in the arena of entrepreneurship development, women should constitute 50 per cent of the countrys total entrepreneurs. But the ground reality is totally different. The ratio is not even 10 per cent. The actual ratio is much lower than that. We do not know the exact number of women entrepreneurs in the country,† There is no real information on how many women entrepreneurs exist in the country. 1 Background In Bangladesh women entrepreneurs are coming up. If the last 10 years are taken into account, it will be clear that the number of women entrepreneurs has increased significantly. But the ratio of women entrepreneurs to their male counterparts is very low. In the recent years countries like Bangladesh have started paying attention to women. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women Entrepreneurship as a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Women entrepreneurs have improved their living conditions and earned more respect in the family and the society. The progress has been attained due to government policy supports and involvement of financial institution along with other support services. Bangladesh Bank (central bank of Bangladesh) issues policy guideline for scheduled banks to give priority to women while disbursing Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) credit. Meanwhile, good number of NGO-MFIs offers microfinance services to the women involving actively in micro, small and medium enterprises. Women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh face a range of challenges, including social and economic barriers, and networking and management constraints. Some of these challenges can be addressed through targeted government policies, including allocation of sufficient budget funds to support women entrepreneurs. In recent years, the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce has been particularly active in promoting such policies. In particular, we are advocating the creation of a separate budget line item of one billion taka (approximately US $13. 5 million) to create a National Women’s Entrepreneurship Development Fund. Such a fund could be designed to address various issues, including access to credit, training for women entrepreneurs, and better market access for women. 2 Research Area Entrepreneurship â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the process where an individual or group of individuals, through organized efforts, risk time and money in pursuit of opportunities to create value and grow through innovation, regardless of the resources they currently control† (Robbins Coulter, 1996). What is the difference between Small business management and Entrepreneurship? As in his book, Timothy S. Hatten explains entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities for which marketable needs exists and assuming the risk of creating an organization to satisfy them. On the other hand, a small business management is the contrast of an entrepreneurship. It is the ongoing process of owning and operating an established business (2006, p32). A study (Cooper, as quoted in Das, 2000) of women entrepreneurs in the western world, proposed that three factors influence entrepreneurship – antecedent influences (i. . , background factors such as family influences and genetic factors that affect motivation, skills and knowledge), the â€Å"incubator organization† (i. e. , the nature of the organization where the entrepreneur was employed just prior to starting a business; the skills learned there) and environmental factors (e. g. , economic conditions, access to venture capital and support services, role models) Women especially in South Asia, they have to overcome a lot of cultural religious and social pressures for playing an active role in the society. Many people incorporate social 3 pressures with religious pressure. â€Å"However social pressures does not have anything to do with religious values† (Rokia Afzal Rahman, 2007). Government policy for Development of Women Entrepreneurship The overall objective is to provide strategic direction for promoting competitive and responsible SME women’s entrepreneurship and embedding gender quality in all areas of works this creates gender sensitive business environment and accelerating economic growth in Bangladesh. Therefore, fostering women entrepreneurship and recognizing women as an important economic change agent, source of employment and innovation for building potential economic development. (SME foundation Bangladesh) Government Strategies for Development of Women Entrepreneurship (SME foundation Bangladesh) †¢ Providing a framework and strategic directions to identify the gender gaps, need, interest, and opportunities issues involved in women entrepreneurship development in the SME sector †¢ To promote the empowerment of women and gender equality through addressing the problems of exclusion of women relating to entrepreneurship mainstreaming the gender into policy level and facilitate effective support for these target groups. †¢ Support to women’s led trade bodies/associations for their building institutional capacity and competitiveness. 4 †¢ Assist gender sensitive value chain analysis for identifying the gender relationships impact on different parts of a value chain. †¢ To create favorable environment for women entrepreneurs and bring them in the mainstream of development process. †¢ To ensure full participation of women entrepreneurs in economic development of the country. †¢ To improve efficiency of women entrepreneurs in performing their business responsibilities. †¢ To strengthen institutional capacities for monitoring and evaluation of gender equality in the area of entrepreneurship development. †¢ To enhance women participation in the decisions making process and buildup capacity to improve knowledge, skills, abilities, aptitudes, values and preferences in order to setup a successful business. (2nd National SME Women Entrepreneur Conference 2008 suggested more regulations and policy for women entrepreneurship. †¢ †¢ †¢ Introduce gender sensitive vat, tax and duty for encouraging export Discourage import through vat/tax/duty imposition of womens produced product Review policy in the framework of gender analysis and ensure womens entrepreneur active participation in policy review process †¢ Build up the gender sensitive and common definition for SMEs 5 †¢ Increase access to information as well as develop dissemination mechanism at all level †¢ †¢ Develop appropriate implementation plan for gender action plan Develop one stop service center for women entrepreneur to accessing information Expand SME Foundation activities across the country to reaching grass root women entrepreneurs †¢ Develop linkage and network with business promotion council for mainstreaming gender issues in policy strategy and implementation level. Existing situation of Bangladesh In recent years, like other developing countries of the world, Bangladesh has been focusing attention on the most disadvantaged group in the society – the women. Realization has gradually dawned on all concerned that a society cannot afford to waste half of its human resources by discrimination on grounds of sex. This increasing awareness on the part of the government has led to the adoption of national policies to facilitate a development process involving women in all spheres particularly in economic activities focusing especially on entrepreneurship development. The overwhelming majority of women in Bangladesh are not only poor, but also caught between two vastly different worlds — the world determined by culture and tradition that confines their activities inside family homesteads, where they are regarded more as a commodity necessary only for bearing and rearing children and the world shaped by increasing 6 andlessness and poverty that focus them outside into various economic activities for survival. According to Bangladesh Household and Demographic survey (BHDS, 1998), literacy rate (7 years and above) among male was 54. 6 percent while for female, it was 42. 5 percent. (WNBA, 2009) Women entrepreneurship in the rural industries is a new arena in the socio- economic environment o f Bangladesh. In view of the need to bring the rural womenfolk in the development stream of the country, the Government, the NGOs and other related agencies have provided ample opportunities to promote entrepreneurial skill among women. Income- generating activities, credit facilities, skill training, market opportunities have all combined to pave the way for the emergence of entrepreneurial development among women in rural Bangladesh. (WNBA, 2009) Social Barriers Attitude: We have a negative attitude among our practical and male dominated society, which has become a major problem. As a result of this negativity attitude to women as well as women entrepreneurs is a regular circumstance in our society. Some problems are given below †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Society does not provide conducive environment for women in business Men are not positive toward women Male family members do not like to see women outside the home Bad comments and eve teasing 7 †¢ †¢ †¢ Family suspect women when they return home late Family members create barriers in their business When women returns home from training, the father and mother in laws create barriers out of suspension. (WNBA, 2009) Knowledge: Women normally lack behind knowledge because they do not ger convenient environment and opportunity to acquire knowledge. Knowledge is like the ground setup for awareness building. (WNBA, 2009) Structure: The basic unit of social structure is the family, which sets roles for men and women. Men have the economic control and therefore are the decision makers. Therefore women who live in a traditional male-controlled are dominated by a highly restricted social structure. (WNBA, 2009) Violence: As a social problem in our society violence is a common practice in our society. It is the most serious threat to overall development and progress of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Sometimes the husband pressurizes the women to retain her money with them. Mental and physical torture by husband, parents, siblings, Sexual harassment by bosses in offices and business activities. (WNBA, 2009) 8 Hypothesis The research paper will try to prove weather women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is really a barrier or not. All the variables effecting women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be analyzed and on what scale they are affecting will be shown. Therefore, my null and alternative hypothesizes will be: Ho: Women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success in Bangladesh. H1: Women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, during the research process I might face a lot of variables that might tend to prove my alternative hypothesis to be false by a smaller probability. Which means that women could really be successful entrepreneurs but some other variables needs to be kept constant i. e. cultural and religious hindrance against women entrepreneurship. Therefore I keep another alternative hypothesis to prove that my claim is still true. H2: Keeping VARIABLE/VARIABLES constant women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. 9 Methodology Secondary Data Collection I used secondary data, which were collected by BWCCI (Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry) to do research on Situation Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, published in February 2008. The secondary data are used for descriptive statistical analysis which shows more prone problems relation to barriers to women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh Primary Data Collection The primary date are collected by taking a short and brief survey which will provide me some basic statistics about women and women entrepreneurship having barriers to their success. Some question will provide the present situation statistics while some other questions will only be used to do the hypothesis testing. Sampling †¢ Target population: The study’s primary focus is to have an overview about the situation of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Different types of sampling procedures were undertaken considering types of stakeholder, geographical areas, time, budget etc. The sample will represent only Dhaka’s respondents. †¢ Sampling: I have chosen 30 women entrepreneurs form Dhaka for representation of the whole population. Since there is no comprehensive directory for women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, I purposively selected respondents from streets, our university and some through surveymonkey. com 10 Data Collection †¢ Mostly quantitative collection of data is targeted through some structured and semi-structured questioner’s surveys. Open discussion on the actual barriers and how to did they overcome those and suggestions if they want to provide any. Primary research proposal questions in relation to hypothesis. Measures A cross checking mechanism was introduced to ensure the quality of data. Most of the variables were pre-coded. Some data were coded right after field study. After completion of the field study, I started to insert the data in computer-based worksheets, which were developed using SPSS, MS Word and Excel. Most of the data, both qualitative and quantitative, are analyzed through SPSS and MS Excel. 11 Primary Data Presentation and Analysis Socio-Demographic Background †¢ Age and Education: Highest proportion of women is in the age group of 2130,36%, which basically means that most of the women entrepreneurs are young in Bangladesh. 0 % of women entrepreneurs could receive education of Higher Secondary and Secondary School level of education. Age 41- ­? 50 17% 15- ­? 20 20% 31- ­? 40 27% 21- ­? 30 36% No Education 7% Primary 3% Education Post Graduation 10% Graduation 17% Class 8 3% SSC 33% HSC 27% 12 †¢ Marital Status: Form cultural perspective, marital status plays as an important factor to influence in women’s socio economic life. 5 3. 8 % are found to be married and 36. 6% unmarried. Widow separated and divorced consisted of 8. 7% of the surveyed observation. Marital Status 20 15 10 5 0 Married Single Divorced Profile of enterprises †¢ Motivating factors to enter into business: Despite of having so many problems and barriers to be successful for Women Entrepreneurship, the most important factor for their success can be, who actually motivates them the most. u? 29% of women are motivated by Inspiration from family family businesses. u? 24% believed to create self dependency u? 22% became entrepreneurs for self inspiration u? 22% became entrepreneurs for an extra income for the family 13 u? Economic Development (14%), Self Employment (12%), Upgrade social status (6%) †¢ Previous Occupation: Most (53%) of the Women Entrepreneurs were students before they actually started their own business. 23% women were housewife before they started business. We can find coherence of results here: Most women entrepreneurs are young deceived good minimum education. Previous Occupation 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Student Housewife Unemployed Other Business Service Others †¢ Duration of experience in business: 53% of women entrepreneurs in the sample have only three years or less than three years experiences in business. 18% of entrepreneurs have only one year of experience. The mean duration of experience from observed 30 women was 4. 9 years though. 31 years of maximum duration of experience found in the sample. 14 Year 1977-1992 1993-1999 2000-2003 2004-2007 Percentage 6. 7 10 36. 6 46. 7 Cumulative Percentage 6. 7 16. 7 53. 3 100 †¢ Main sectors u? 69. 4% of women were involved in production of handicrafts u? 16. 1 were involved in garments or home textile u? Others involved in printing, agro based, parlor, food etc. Main Sectors 13% Handicrafts Garments/ Textile 70% Others ( Printing, agro based, parlour, food etc) 17% 15 Experiences in Trade Licensing and Company Registration, Training Taxes †¢ Status of Company registration: 50% of the women did not have their enterprises registered with legal authorities. Most of them who have trade license run their business in Dhaka City Corporation. †¢ Reasons behind not having trade license: All of them who did not have trade license were asked what was the reason behind not having a trade license. The opinions expressed were the following. u? Unaware of the necessity of having trade license: u? Aware but not familiar with the process: u? Applied for trade license the process is going on: u? Others: 36. 6% 40% 1% 22. 4% Reasons for not having a Trade License 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Unaware Not Familiar Under Process Others 16 †¢ Training: 9. 2% of Women Entrepreneurs did not receive any sort of training till now. 35. 5% received training before starting business, 42. 1% got training after starting business. 10. 2% women received training before and after starting business. Most of the women who received training were from different NGOs, public institutions like Women and Children affairs department, youth development department chamber of commerce. Training Education 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No training eceived Trained After Starting Trained before statrin Trained Before and Business Business after †¢ Sources of Starter capital: 36. 6 % of women are unmarried in my sample. The source of capital must have been hard to found. 60% of women had started their business with their own money. This is what makes women so much independent and consistent in what they do. O? Own S avings: O? Parents: O? Husband: 60% 40% 16. 7% 17 O? In-Laws: O? NGOs: O? Banks: 6. 7% 3. 3% 6. 7% †¢ TAX and VAT: Only 10 of them had tax id number and out of rest of them 46. 7% did not have any idea or awareness of having a tax token. Yes Tax ID Number Awareness of Tax/Vat 33. 3% 13. 3% No 66. 7% 46. 7% 40% Partially Hypothesis Testing At 90% significance level, I want to know if Women Entrepreneurship is a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh. My null and alternative hypothesizes are: Ho: Women Entrepreneurship is a Barrier to success in Bangladesh. And H1: Women Entrepreneurship is not a Barrier to success in Bangladesh. I am assuming that my null hypothesis is true; Women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success, this leads me to a one sided test. I have to find if it is a barrier or not (not if it has advantage). Saying that if it is a barrier or not, the mean of the population is assumed to be 0 (zero) which means that neither it is a barrier, nor an advantage. Negative mean would mean it is a barrier. Therefore, the sample mean also should represent something that lies between negative positive direction (the neutral value should be 0). Therefore, restating my hypothesizes : 18 Ho: H1:  µ 0 For my hypothesis testing, I selected 6 questions from BWCCI’s report and surveyed 10/30 women entrepreneurs from our sample (rich and poor mixed) and score them from a scale of minus 2 to positive two. The questions of the survey are as follows. A) Overall a positive environment for women to enter into business has been ensured B) Social and family responsibilities to promote women in business has increased? C) Quality of the assistance provided by the Government is gradually increasing? D) Social barriers are decreased? E) Women are getting proper price for their product? F) Having a trade license, is this an important thing for you? Scoring a question (-ve) 2 means that the person totally disagrees to that particular question and (+ve) 2 means that the person strongly agreed to that question. A zero represents neutral opinion. The summation of all scored 6 questions from one women entrepreneur represents the accumulated view of that person (Negative total means that her perception about Women Entrepreneurship is that it’s a barrier and vise versa) The following table shows the result of the 10 surveyed women entrepreneurs. A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 -1 0 B 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 1 C 0 -1 -1 1 0 1 0 2 0 -2 D -1 0 0 -1 2 1 0 2 -1 -1 E 0 0 -1 1 2 -1 2 2 0 0 F 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 -2 0 Total 0 1 -1 3 10 3 6 11 -3 -2 19 From the surveyed collection of data I found that only 3 of the women entrepreneurs thinks that women entrepreneurship is a barrier to success and 6 of them thinks it is not. The sample mean and standard deviation of the data is 2. 80 and 4. 85 respectively. The summary data show that most women believe Women entrepreneurship is not a barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, I am now going to conduct a hypothesis test from my sample data. Sample Mean, x = 2. 80, Sample Standard Deviation, s = 4. 85, 90% Significance level. Reject H1 if, P ( x = 2. 80| Ho true) lt; 0. 0 We have a very small sample of n=10, therefore we will have to use a T-statistics. The critical value of T with 10% confidence and 9 Degrees of freedom = -1. 383 Reject H1 if Tcallt; -1. 383 t-cal = (2. 80 – 0)/( 4. 85/SqRt 10) = 1. 83 The sample mean does not fall under the critical region and more over it is towards the positive direction. Therefore I have to reject my hull hypothesis and accept the alternat ive hypothesis. Women Entrepreneurship is not a Barrier to Success in Bangladesh. As I have my H1 true, I do not have to prove my alternative hypothesis 2. 20 Secondary Data Presentation and Analysis Socio-Demographic Background †¢ Types of Family and Number of Children: 31% of women live as in joint family and remainder in conjugal family. Among 53. 8% of married women, 70% of them had children and the mean number of children found was 1. 3 for each family. Which shows that most of the entrepreneurs had less or equal to 2 children. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Educational background of Fathers and Husbands: 61% of the women entrepreneur’s fathers have at least college level of education. 55% of the husbands have a minimum graduation level of education. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Occupational background of Fathers and Husbands: 34. 8 % of fathers and 43. % of husbands had Business occupational background. Therefore, we can see a strong correlation between women becoming entrepreneurs and the occupational business background of husband and father. (WNBA, 2009) Type of Occupation Public Service Private service Business Agriculture Unemployed Fathers Occupation 15. 7 18. 0 34. 8 12. 4 2. 2 Husbands Occupation 14. 5 30. 6 43. 5 1. 6 1. 6 21 Retired Students Total 15. 7 1. 1 100 4. 8 3. 2 100 †¢ Types of Business: Most of the women are involved in retail and manufacturing type of business. (WNBA, 2009) u? Manufacturing and trading: u? Service: u? Trading: u? Others: 60% 13. % 13. 3% 13. 3% Retail: Whole Sell Both: 43% 16. 2% 40. 8% †¢ Interval between starting point of business and company registration: Only 27. 5% of women could register their enterprise from within 1 month of the business. Although the median time taken for trade licensing was around 1 year from starting their business, but the mean time for registration was 6 years which is significantly not showing good result. (WNBA, 2009) †¢ Problems faced by the women entrepreneurs with different trade licensing authorities: (WNBA, 2009) Types of problems City mentioned Corporation Complex Process Time Consuming Bureaucratic Process u? ? u? Municipalities u? u? u? u? Union Parishad Tax Depart ment u? u? u? 22 Bribery Indecent Behavior Sexual harassment, teasing Lack of cooperation u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? u? †¢ Problems faced by the women entrepreneurs due to not having trade license: (WNBA, 2009) o Could not get access to Bank loan and financial institutions o Could not participate in trade fair o Could not get membership with the chamber of commerce o Missed profitable orders and buyers o Could not enter into export-import oriented sectors Opinion of the women regarding company registration: (WNBA, 2009) o Making registration process easier o Make information available to women entrepreneurs o Create awareness regarding registration process o Establish a gender cell or at least a booth with employee to facilitate women to get trade license o Make the people gender sensitive o Organize training on regulatory process o Reduce company registration fee o Reduce complexity o Fasten registration process 23 Conclusion The first problem discussed in the beginning of this research paper was that women have an enormous pressure from the society and culture for which they cannot easily become an entrepreneur. My survey and the data from BWCCI show that Women these days get lot of support and aspiration from their family members. More the educated family is, more social support they get. As seen from BWCCI’s report on situation analysis of Women Entrepreneurs, showed that Women these days does not have that much difficulties starting their own businesses. The sample mean of their survey interview on page 34 is equal to 5. 7. I can see that the result of my survey sample agrees with that of BWCCI’s report. Both have positive mean but my one is a bit lower than theirs. The possible reason for this may have been that, I did not consider some more positive sides of the environment. However, I also did not consider some negatives score which they found that those have a huge impact i. e. Local Chamber coming forward to help women SME, women are not getting administrative and legal support. Both the samples show that women are not getting the proper price for their products. I cannot totally depend on the perception of women for their ease of doing business. They might also be showing false reason that they need more. Although most of them are correct about the tradelicensing thing. More than 50% of the women do not know anything about having a trade license to do business and most of the women from our sample does not even bother to have a trade license. All data collected from BWCCI represents the scenario of 2007. Now, more than 5 years have passed and so might the change in overall development for women to become entrepreneurs have changed drastically. 24 Recommendation Limitations Information gathered from BWCCI’s report â€Å"A situation Analysis of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh† was published in 2008. The data allocated here are of 2007s’. The situation of Women entrepreneurs six years back cannot represent the present situation of Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs. †¢ BWCCI, for their easy accessibility to women entrep reneurs, they went only to BWCCI’s current members for interviews. Some other limitations mentioned in the report are as follows: o To get response from women entrepreneurs for all questions was really a great challenge as women entrepreneurs were found to be very busy. Some important information was missed. o It was hard to reach some areas during the field study. o The study could not apply random sampling methods. o Some information were related to perception of the surveyed women entrepreneurs, this cannot be use to predict the overall situation of women entrepreneurs. The women entrepreneurs who are having business in large scale were not included is this study, still this can hold a positive side to the research as these examples are outliers. 25 Reference Robbins, S. P. , Coulter, M. , Stuart-Kotze, R. (1996). Management. 5†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ed. Englewood Cliffs. NJ. Hatten, T. S. , Coulter, M. (1997). Small business: Entrepreneurship and beyond. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Rahman, R. A. (2007). Policy Dialogue Series. Dhaka. www. smef. com Rahman, M. M. , (Feb 2009). Women’s national business agenda. Dhaka: BWCCI. Uddin Shamim, M. (2008). Building women in business: A situation analysis of women entreprene urs in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry. †¢ Women Entrepreneurship in SME: Bangladesh reality, by Ferdousi Sultana, Unpublished, Dhaka: 2009 †¢ 26 To: Dr. Deena P. Forkan Date: February 26,2013 Re: Proposal to do a research on From: Rafsanjani Rahat â€Å"Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh: Barriers to Success† Abstract: The research paper focuses on mainly how women in Bangladesh are involved to be self-employed and the corresponding success they achieve. The study will provide a report, which will show what percentage of women in Bangladesh likes to be entrepreneurs, proportion of women becoming successful, what are the barriers to be successful, the factors that can motivate women entrepreneurship, the opportunities and threats for the growth of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. At the end, the report will provide suggestion for women to be encouraged in self-employment. Questioners might be suggested for future research. Research Scope: †¢ What is Entrepreneurship? †¢ What are the Government policy for Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh? †¢ What are the Government Strategies for Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh? †¢ What is the existing Situation of Bangladesh? †¢ What are the social other problems? 27 Hypothesis: The research paper will try to prove weather women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is really a barrier or not. All the variables effecting women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be analyzed and on what scale they are effecting will be shown. Therefore, our null and alternative hypothesizes will be: Ho: Women entrepreneurship is really a barrier to success in Bangladesh. H1: Women entrepreneurship is not really big barrier to success in Bangladesh. However, during the research process I might face a lot of variables that might tend to prove my alternative hypothesis to be false by a smaller probability. Which means that women could really be successful entrepreneurs but some other variables needs to be kept constant i. . cultural and religious hindrance against women entrepreneurship. Therefore I keep another alternative hypothesis to prove that my claim is still true. H2: Keeping VARIABLE/VARIABLES constant women entrepreneurship in not really a big barrier to success in Bangladesh. Methodology: The methods to do this research report will be very much precise and easy techniques will be ad opted for better understandability of the regression analysis. The primary source of information, which I am planning, will be from interviewing at least two prominent successful women entrepreneur in Bangladesh. The second source of data will be by surveying new generation women undergraduates. I would like to take 28 and note down their opinion of what do they think about themselves being their own boss and if they don’t want, what are the factors that they think are stopping them to be entrepreneurs. With all these primary sources of data I will try to run a regression analysis and verify them with academic journals from wherever I need to get them. I will try to bring some other country’s report on women being supported as to become successful entrepreneurs. The report will try to explain the other relatedness factors of successful women entrepreneurs that various Human Resource Management people have to say. Timetable: After we being held with our official timing to start our research project, I plan to do the following things in the due time given below. Time 1st Week To do list Finding and gather academic journals that will be useful for my research report. 2nd Week Reading all the journals that have been gathered and in the meantime, preparing questionaries’ for the interviews and the survey. rd Week By the starting of the 3rd week, I will start drafting the report and take the interview and survey. 4th Week Survey data need to be analyzed through running a regression and sort out the findings. I will try to finish writing the research paper by the end of the 4th week or if not possible then I might take few days the 5th week. After finishing typing, I will print a draft for 29 showing it my honorable English faculty, Deena Fo rkan man to skim through the project if every thing is fine. December 6th Final Submission of the research report. Request for app